This article focuses on Canada’s language regime and looks at how it seems to affect representations of territory, identity and others in Acadian literature and social sciences. This interdisciplinary perspective sheds light on the subtle ways in which the language regime structures literary representations and the scope of knowledge production. Moreover, it elucidates fundamental elements of contemporary Acadian nationalism. This article pleads for a richer dialogue between literature and social sciences, in order to broaden the scope of knowledge and of literary representations.