In this article, we wish to demonstrate that the Canadian government, in the context of the debates, studies and propositions formulated during the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, chose to prioritize the search for solutions to the political “crisis” faced by the country at the time, instead of following the recommendations of the Commission. As a result, although the linguistic conflicts present at the time calmed down, a problem remained: the acknowledgement of the different Canadian francophonies. Our aim isn’t to propose an historical analysis of the reach and limits of the efforts of the Commission, but rather to understand the influence of those efforts on the foundations of the “modèle canadien de reconnaissance” through which were conceived the main politics aimed at the “francophone communities in a minority situation”. To achieve this aim, we try to identify the relatively limited place occupied by this question of the “reconnaissance politique” in the dense literature on francophone communities outside of Quebec, and then to resituate the B&B Commission in the debates regarding identity within French-Canada at the time. We’ll demonstrate then that the Canadian legislator chose to protect francophone communities in a minority situation instead of acknowledging those communities. We’ll finally open on a prospective discussion on the Canadian “model” and on the consequences of those politics on francophone communities outside of Quebec.