In addition to a general introduction, the present study on the use of English and French before the courts is divided into three main substantive sections: (i) a review of the constitutional framework which protects the use of both official languages in the judicial system; (ii) the use of both official languages before courts of criminal jurisdiction; and (iii) the use of both official languages before courts of civil jurisdiction. The study also includes a set of recommendations regarding ways to improve access to the courts in both English and French.--Executive summary