Francophonies minoritaires et disponibilité lexicale : le cas de jeunes locuteurs de Saint-Lazare (Manitoba) et d'Ottawa (Ontario)
Year:
2007
Author :
Volume and number:
, 19
Collection:
, 2
Journal:
, Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest
Pages :
, 159-176
Abstract
Cet article se donne pour objectif de comparer la « disponibilité lexicale » de deux groupes d’élèves bilingues, l’un de Saint-Lazare (Manitoba), l’autre d’Ottawa (Ontario), à partir de deux enquêtes de terrain effectuées au début des années 2000. Il s’agit de faire ressortir les points communs et les différences dans le vocabulaire fondamental en usage chez ces deux groupes de locuteurs. On présente, dans un premier temps, la notion de la disponibilité lexicale, ainsi que les terrains d’enquête. Dans un deuxième temps, on procède, à partir de quatre champs notionnels appelés « centres d’intérêt » (les vêtements, l’école, les loisirs et les métiers), à une analyse en trois parties : analyse statistique (quel est le nombre de mots produits?) et analyse lexico-sémantique (à quelles réalités renvoient ces mots?), analyse typologique (quelle est l’importance des anglicismes et des régionalismes canadiens dans les deux corpus?). Cette étude, qui a des applications pratiques dans les domaines de la pédagogie et de la lexicographie, rappelle la fragilité du français dans les provinces à majorité anglophone, particulièrement dans celles de l’Ouest canadien : en effet, elle met en évidence chez les deux groupes de témoins l’influence de la langue d’adstrat, l’anglais. Elle montre cependant que ces derniers, particulièrement à Saint-Lazare, font un usage quotidien de régionalismes canadiens, auxquels ils ne devraient pas hésiter à recourir pour éviter que leur lexique ne s’anglicise massivement.
The goal of this article is to compare the “lexical availability” of two groups of bilingual students : one from St. Lazare (Manitoba) and one from Ottawa (Ontario). Two separate surveys were conducted in the early 2000s on the basic lexicon used by the targeted groups, extracting the features common to both groups and the discrepancies noted in the basic lexicon used by those speakers. The first part of the article presents the places where the fieldwork was conducted, and focuses on the notion of “lexical availability”. Based on four conceptual fields called “centres of interest” (clothes, school, leisure activities, and jobs), the second part of the article is then subdivided in three parts : a statistical analysis (what is the number of words produced?); a lexical analysis; a semantic analysis (what realities are reflected by these words?); and it finishes with a typological study (what is the importance and the influence of Anglicisms and the use of Canadianisms in the collected data?).This study, which has practical applications in pedagogy/education and lexicography, also brings back into focus the precarious situation of French in English-speaking provinces, especially in Western Canada. While our survey clearly shows the influence of the adstrate language (English) in both groups, it also defines a group of French Canadian words that are used by our subjects on a daily basis, especially in St. Lazare : whenever possible, these Canadianisms should be used to avoid a massive Anglicisation of the lexicon.
The goal of this article is to compare the “lexical availability” of two groups of bilingual students : one from St. Lazare (Manitoba) and one from Ottawa (Ontario). Two separate surveys were conducted in the early 2000s on the basic lexicon used by the targeted groups, extracting the features common to both groups and the discrepancies noted in the basic lexicon used by those speakers. The first part of the article presents the places where the fieldwork was conducted, and focuses on the notion of “lexical availability”. Based on four conceptual fields called “centres of interest” (clothes, school, leisure activities, and jobs), the second part of the article is then subdivided in three parts : a statistical analysis (what is the number of words produced?); a lexical analysis; a semantic analysis (what realities are reflected by these words?); and it finishes with a typological study (what is the importance and the influence of Anglicisms and the use of Canadianisms in the collected data?).This study, which has practical applications in pedagogy/education and lexicography, also brings back into focus the precarious situation of French in English-speaking provinces, especially in Western Canada. While our survey clearly shows the influence of the adstrate language (English) in both groups, it also defines a group of French Canadian words that are used by our subjects on a daily basis, especially in St. Lazare : whenever possible, these Canadianisms should be used to avoid a massive Anglicisation of the lexicon.
Theme :
BilingualismFrancophonesManitobaLinguistic minoritiesOntario
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