French language transmission in exogamous and endogamous Francophone families in Canada

This paper examines the transmission of the French language in Canada between 1991 and 2011, in Québec and outside Québec. A more detailed analysis is provided for the 2011 census year with the aim of identifying the factors that explain situations in which French as a mother tongue is transmitted or not transmitted between parents and children. We use the theoretical model of cultural transmission which emphasises the vectors of transmission : vertical, horizontal and oblique transmission. In addition, we distinguish the transmission factors that originate from the family and the household and those that come from the immediate environment of the place of residence, namely the census sub-division.