This study examined the processes of unionization of New Brunswick teachers during the period 1965 to 1970. In addition to an examination of records, interviews with persons involved in this process have been carried out. The primary factors in unionization were found to be provincial legislation which forced teachers to bargain collectively with the provincial government, a need to restructure the existing teachers' association to reflect the linguistic duality of the province's teachers, and the pressure of external groups which sought to represent teachers in their new bargaining relationship. This study reflected an internal view of these processes, and sought to define the difference between labour unions and "professional" unions. While the mechanisms of bargaining are similar, it is clear that those within the New Brunswick Teachers' Federation feel there is a significant difference in goals and sanctions.